andrewducker: (Default)
[personal profile] andrewducker

Norwegian

Date: 2018-01-13 10:21 pm (UTC)
agoodwinsmith: (Default)
From: [personal profile] agoodwinsmith
My father's mother was Norwegian, born in North Dakota in 1900. Her family moved to northern Alberta when she was eight (free land[1]). She only spoke Norwegian when she arrived, and she was beaten in school if she used Norwegian at any time on school grounds (even during recess). This English-only approach was used against every child - Ukrainian, Polish, Doukhobor, etc etc[2]. When she married my grandfather, my great-grandmother made her life hideous. My Dad still "jokingly" (quotes because delivered like a jest, but not a jest) calls himself a half-breed. None of her children learned Norwegian, and none of her daughters cook Norwegian foods.

[1] - deliberate effort of Canadian authorities to spread European settlers across the Prairies. People were given "free land" they could only keep if they "proved" it - brought it under cultivation. Her family took a quarter section for each male person in the family (women could not own land).
[2] - you can tell when a group of people started arriving in Canada by how much of the original language the children and grandchildren know. Up to the 60's, it would have been zero.[3]
[3] - but, of course, up to the 60's numbers of people from those groups would also have been zero, so there's also that. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Komagata_Maru_incident

Germany's cleft stick

Date: 2018-01-14 01:08 am (UTC)
From: [personal profile] nojay
The German coalition isn't exactly backing off delaying the 2020 climate targets. They can't realistically be met at all, not without blackouts and periods of insufficient generating capacity by shutting down coal and lignite-fired power stations which still produce about half of all Germany's electricity demands. The rise in renewables production in Germany at great expense has been balanced by the loss of non-carbon nuclear capacity, with all of that shut down by 2023 (Germany just lost 1.2GW of non-carbon nuclear power last week when a BWR was shut down permanently on government orders). They need to increase their rate of buildout of renewables just to match that total loss of nuclear capacity, never mind compensate for reductions in coal and lignite burning as well.

Germany might be able to fudge it by racing to burn gas in new-build combined-cycle gas turbine sets, the way Britain has replaced most of its coal-fired capacity over they past couple of decades but that still results in a lot of CO2 ending up in the atmosphere (about half that of coal and lignite per GWh) and they'd have to source more gas, probably from Russia to produce that power.

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